ABSTRACT The review article deals with theoretical aspects of Derivative UV-Spectrophotometry. The method gains significance using the first and second derivative of the transmission spectra with respect to wavelength. Generated optical derivatives are compared to the known numerical derivatives. The derivative spectra from 1st to 4th are consequently discussed. This provides valuable insight into the uses and limitations of this technique for chemical analysis. Measurement techniques and methods of obtaining derivative spectra are discussed. The degree of polynomial fit on the smoothness of derivative spectra and signal-to-noise ratio is described. Application of UV derivative spectrometry for determination of single and multicomponent analysis is shown. Derivative spectrophotometry possibly improves the selectivity and sensitivity of determination which has been illustrated.

Last decade has witnessed enormous changes in the studies of impurity profiling of drugs which can be reflected from pharmacopoeia and regulatory guidelines. The present review article is an attempt to provide comprehensive knowledge about various aspects and details about the impurity profiling in context with regulatory guidelines. Article also focused on isolation, separation and characterization techniques of impurities. It gives preliminary idea about applicability of virtual software used for studies on safety limit for impurities. The comprehensive information related to residual solvents, residual metals and genotoxicity studies of isolated impurities have also been incorporated into present article.

A simple, rapid and sensitive RP- HPTLC method has been established for the determination of Propranolol hydrochloride (PRH) and Flunarizine Dihydrochloride (FNZ) in bulk and capsule formulation. Separation of both these drugs were achieved on aluminum backed silica gel 60 RP-18 F254S HPTLC plates, prewashed with methanol using methanol: toluene: ammonia (7:3:0.5 v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric scanning was performed at 267 nm. The Rf values for PRH and FNZ were found to be 0.63 and 0.48, respectively. The amount of PRH and FNZ estimated in capsule formulation were found to be 99.20 ± 1.04 and 98.89 ± 1.23, respectively. The accuracy of the method was found to be in the range of 99.30 - 100.41% for PRH and 99.56 -100.87 for FNZ. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and can regularly used for analysis of PRH and FNZ in capsule dosage form.

A simple, rapid, selective and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of triflusal. The method was carried out using 5-j1m particle size, C18-bonded silica column, quaternary pump and acetonitrile: 1 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (65:35 v/v) pH 3 as the mobile phase with UV detection at 226 nm. The proposed method is advantageous as it follows isocratic elution in short run time (10 min). The result obtained shown that the method best fits for estimation of drug in capsule formulation and thus can be used for its routine analysis. The newly developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness.

As folhas de Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, são usados na medicina natural da Índia como um agente hipolipemiante em pacientes obesos. Ratos albinos Wistar foram alimentados com extrato metanólico de M. oleifera (150, 300 e 600 mg/kg, p.o.) e sinvastatina (4 mg/kg, p.o.), juntamente com dieta hiperlipídica por 30 dias. Moringa oleifera e sinvastatina reduziram o colesterol, triacilglicerídeoss, VLDL, LDL e índice aterogênico, mas não aumentaram o HDL em comparação com o grupo controle, com dieta rica em colesterol. O mecanismo de ação do extrato metanólico de Moringa oleifera foi também investigado estimando atividade de HMG CO-A redutase. Moringa oleifera aumentou a excreção fecal de colesterol. Assim, o estudo demonstra que a M. oleifera parece ter efeito hipolipemiante.

The leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, are used by the Indians in their herbal medicine as a hypolipidemic agent in obese patients. Albino Wistar rats were fed with methanolic extract of M. oleifera (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) and simvastatin (4 mg/kg, p.o.) along with hyperlipidemic diet for 30 days. Moringa oleifera and simvastatin were found to lower the serum cholesterol, triacylglyceride, VLDL, LDL, and atherogenic index, but were found to increase the HDL as compared to the corresponding high fed cholesterol diet group (control). The Moringa oleifera methanolic extract was also investigated for its mechanism of action by estimating HMG CO-A reductase activity. Moringa oleifera was found to increase the excretion of fecal cholesterol. Thus, the study demonstrates that M. oleifera possesses a hypolipidemic effect.

Dolichandrone falcata Seem., Bignoniaceae, é uma árvore do tipo decidua, comumente conhecida como "Medshingi" na da região Toranmal de Maharashtra, na Índia. Uma pasta da casca é aplicada em fraturas ou luxação dos ossos e usada como veneno de peixe; o suco da casca é usada em casos de menorragia e leucorréia. Das folhas da planta foi isolado crisina-7-rutinoside. O presente estudo foi realizado para investigar os efeitos ansiolíticos do extrato metanólico (DFBM), acetato de etila (DFBEA) e compostos isolados DFB (V + VI) de D. falcata utilizando a casca do tronco em modelos animais. Os efeitos ansiolíticos foram estudados por labirinto em cruz elevada (EPM) e o ensaio de esconder esferas de mármore (MBT). Os extratos bruto e seco DFBM DFBEA foram preparados em doses de 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg, enquanto que o composto DFB (V + VI) foi preparado em doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg e foram administrados em camundongos para avaliação da atividade ansiolítica. DFBEA 400 and DFB (V+VI) 200 mg/kg produziram efeitos ansiolíticos significantes (p<0.01), de maneira dose-dependente, por aumentar o tempo despendido e o número de entradas nos braços abertos do EPM e por diminuir o número de esferas escondidas pelos camundongos no teste do MBT. Este estudo mostrou que os extratos DFBM, DFBEA e o composto isolado DFB (V + VI), contendo flavonóides com potencial farmacológico (como a crisina) podem ser o responsável pela atividade ansiolítica.

Dolichandrone falcata Seem., Bignoniaceae, is a deciduous tree commonly known as Medshingi in local areas of Toranmal region of Maharashtra, India. Its bark paste is applied on fractured or dislocated bones, used as a fish poison; bark juice is used in cases of menorragia and leucorrhoea. The leaves of the plant have afforded chrysin-7-rutinoside. The present study was carried out to investigate the anxiolytic effects of methanol extract (DFBM), ethyl acetate extract (DFBEA) and isolated compound DFB (V+VI) of D. falcata stem-bark using animal models. Anxiolytic effects were studied by elevated plus maze (EPM) and marble burying test (MBT) assay. The crude dried DFBM and DFBEA extract was prepared in doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg whereas DFB (V+VI) compound was prepared in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and were administered orally to mice for evaluation of anxiolytic activity. DFBEA 400 and DFB (V+VI) 200 mg/kg produced highly significant (p <0.01) anxiolytic effects in dose dependent manner by increasing the time spent on and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPM and by decreasing the number of marbles buried by mice in MBT test. This study showed that the DFBM, DFBEA extracts and DFB (V+VI) isolated compound possesses potential pharmacological active constituents flavonoids (like chrysin) which may be responsible for the anxiolytic activity.